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Σύγκριση αντικειμένου, τεκμηρίωσης και αποτελεσμάτων σε ελέγχους ασφάλειας, ψηφιακή διερεύνηση και εταιρικό AI. Οι αναλυτικοί πίνακες παρουσιάζονται στα αγγλικά.
Vulnerability assessment or penetration testing?
Choose the evidence needed for the decision. The two approaches can complement one another; neither is a guarantee that every weakness has been found.
| Dimension | Vulnerability assessment | Penetration testing |
|---|---|---|
| Primary question | Where are potential weaknesses across the agreed asset estate? | Which authorised attack paths can demonstrate meaningful exposure? |
| Method | Broad checks, configuration review and validation of prioritised findings. | Scoped adversarial testing, exploitation where authorised, and examination of control interactions. |
| Useful output | Coverage inventory, validated findings and a remediation backlog. | Reproducible evidence, demonstrated impact, attack-path analysis and retest criteria. |
| A suitable trigger | A recurring hygiene review, new asset visibility or remediation prioritisation. | A critical release, sensitive application, assurance requirement or control-validation question. |
| Scope boundary | Discovery does not establish every weakness as exploitable. | A scoped test does not establish that the entire organisation is secure. |
Incident response or forensic investigation?
During an active incident, operational response and evidence preservation need coordination. Investigation can begin alongside containment and continue after service recovery.
| Dimension | Incident response | Forensic investigation |
|---|---|---|
| Primary question | What decisions reduce current harm and support controlled recovery? | What happened, what does the evidence support and what remains unknown? |
| Operating focus | Triage, containment, ownership, recovery checks and communication. | Authorised acquisition, examination, correlation and documented interpretation. |
| Useful output | An action record, containment plan, recovery criteria and improvement priorities. | Evidence schedule, referenced chronology, findings, limitations and technical annex. |
| A suitable trigger | Active compromise, service disruption or urgent operational decisions. | Suspected misuse, disputed activity, unclear impact or a question requiring traceable evidence. |
| Scope boundary | Restoring a system does not answer every attribution or exposure question. | A technical conclusion does not decide legal liability or replace transaction records. |
Automation, knowledge assistant or action-taking agent?
Select the least complex approach that can meet the need. Authority, failure handling and evaluation matter as much as the quality of a generated answer.
| Dimension | Deterministic automation | Knowledge assistant | Action-taking agent |
|---|---|---|---|
| Best-fit task | Stable rules and predictable inputs. | Finding and explaining approved information. | Interpreting a request and coordinating permitted tools. |
| Typical example | Route an approved form to the correct queue. | Answer a policy question with source references. | Prepare a review task, seek approval and create the agreed record. |
| Control boundary | Validated inputs, explicit rules and authorised integrations. | Access-filtered sources, output evaluation and review. | Source access plus tool policy, bound approval and independent execution checks. |
| Evaluation focus | Rule correctness, exceptions and recovery. | Grounding, source relevance and access isolation. | End-to-end completion, inappropriate actions, duplicate writes and uncertain outcomes. |
| Human role | Own exceptions and changes to rules. | Review sensitive interpretations and unsupported answers. | Approve consequential changes and own operational boundaries. |
Technical references
Background guidance for the methods discussed; these organisations do not endorse this illustrative example.
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